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We isolated 20 anonymous nuclear loci (8556 bp in total) from the Taiwan Hwamei (Garrulax taewanus), an endemic songbird of Taiwan. A panel of nine to 15 individuals with unknown relationship was used to characterize polymorphism of these loci. We identified 46 single nucleotide polymorphic sites (SNPs) in 15 polymorphic loci. Frequency of SNPs was one per every 186 bp in average. Nucleotide diversity, θ, ranged from 0.00054 to 0.00371 per locus. We also tested cross‐species applicability of these loci on 17 species from eight different passerine families. All 20 loci could be successfully amplified (ranged from one to 16 species, mean = 7.9 species). 相似文献
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A quadratic correlation between long‐term mean group size and group density in a cooperatively breeding passerine 下载免费PDF全文
Both mean group size (MGS) and mean group density (MGD) are critical indices to characterize a population of cooperatively breeding birds. When a population reaches its carrying capacity, both long‐term MGS and long‐term MGD will remain relatively stable. However, there has been little study of how these two variables relate. The Masked laughingthrush Garrulax perspicillatus is a cooperatively breeding bird living in fragmented habitats. During 2010 and 2012‐2016, we used song playback to observe and confirm the group sizes and territory ranges of the birds and the data of bird presence to determine habitat suitability. By grouping the nearest territories according to their geographical coordinates, we divided the whole study area into 12 subareas and the whole population into 12 subpopulations. Then, we calculated both MGS and MGD for different time durations for each subpopulation. Finally, using MGD as independent variable and MGS as the dependent variable, we explored the correlations between MGS and MGD by fitting quadratic functions and modeling quadratic regression. Both MGS and MGD were averaged for different time durations and were cross‐related. Our results show that the MGS for more than 2 years significantly correlated with MGD for more than 3 years in a reverse parabolic shape, differing from that of short‐term effects. Our findings suggest that long‐term MGD is a better predictor of long‐term habitat quality and that long‐term MGS is determined by long‐term habitat quality in Masked Laughingthrushes. Based on above findings, we can infer that: (1) Long‐term habitat quality determines the long‐term MGS, but it sets no prerequisite for the status and source of group members; (2) Long‐term MGS in certain populations is adapted to the corresponding level of long‐term habitat quality, it facilitates us to predict the helper effects on current or future survival or reproduction in different situations. These findings and inferences are both helpful for us to understand the evolution of cooperative breeding. 相似文献
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Eight polymorphic tetrarepeat (GATA)n, microsatellite loci were isolated from a babbler, Hwamei (Garrulax canorus canorus). We evaluated the polymorphism of these microsatellite loci by genotyping 36–48 individuals from the Asian mainland. The number of alleles for each locus ranged from eight to 29. The heterozygosity was between 0.587 and 0.978. Except for one locus, genotype frequencies of these microsatellites did not significantly deviate from the Hardy–Weinberg expectation. These markers should be useful for monitoring potential hybridization between different Hwamei subspecies and provide new insights into the mating system and geographical differentiation of these birds. 相似文献
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野生画眉鸟繁殖生态习性的初步研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
作者历时7年,通过对湘中山区定点观察调查,在画眉鸟的求偶,占区、营巢、产卵、孵卵、育雏等行为习性方面,获得许多宝贵的资料,其中画眉鸟每年产卵窝数,画眉鸟的机警性,窝雏性比等资料,与以往教科书或专著中有关记载颇不相同,这些发现,可供进一步研究画眉鸟的繁殖生态习性作参考,并为画眉鸟的人工繁殖研究奠定基础。 相似文献
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中国四种小型鸟类代谢产热的气候适应 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用封闭式流体压力呼吸计 ,分别在 5 - 35°C、 10 - 30°C和 10 - 35°C的环境温度范围内测定了黄眉(Emberizachrysophrys)、红胁绣眼鸟 (Zosteropserythropleura)、画眉 (Garrulaxcanorus)和红嘴相思鸟 (Leio thrixlutea)的耗氧量、热传导、体温等指标 ,探讨了其代谢产热特征。黄眉、红胁绣眼鸟、画眉和红嘴相思鸟的热中性区分别为 2 5 - 30°C、 2 5 - 2 7 5°C、 2 2 5 - 2 7 5°C和 30 - 32 5°C。在 5 - 30°C的温度范围内 ,黄眉和画眉能保持稳定的体温 ,分别为 4 0 5 8± 0 2 6°C和 4 1 6 8± 0 11°C ;红胁绣眼鸟和红嘴相思鸟的体温随环境温度的降低有下降的趋势。在热中性区内 ,黄眉、红胁绣眼鸟、画眉和红嘴相思鸟的平均基础代谢率分别是3 6 5± 0 14、 4 6 9± 0 2 7、 3 5 5± 0 14和 4 2 4± 0 17mlO2 / (g·h) ,分别是体重预期值的 12 8%、 2 30 %、 6 0 %和 12 0 %。在下临界温度以下 ,黄眉、红胁绣眼鸟、画眉和红嘴相思鸟的最小热传导分别是 0 2 4、 0 31、 0 2 1和 0 34mlO2 / (g·h·°C) ,分别是体重预期值的 14 9%、 14 9%、 2 15 %和 2 4 3%。这些小型鸟类的生理生态学特征是 :(1)黄眉和红胁绣眼鸟有高的基础代谢率和相对低的下临界温度 ,适应低温环境 相似文献
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Garrulax morrisonianus, an endemic avian species of Taiwan, inhabits evergreen forests at high elevations of 2,000–3,952 m. In this study, we developed
15 microsatellite primer pairs for genetic study. These markers were screened for 52 samples collected from wild populations
of different geographical regions. The number of alleles ranged from 4 to 13. The expected (H
E) and observed (H
O) heterozygosities were 0.430–0.725 and 0.000–0.500, respectively. All loci were significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium due to the heterozygote deficiency.
The authors Tzen-Yuh Chiang, Sao-Cheng Lao, Ya-Fu Lee contributed to the study equally. 相似文献
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Coevolution between the large hawk‐cuckoo (Cuculus sparverioides) and its two sympatric Leiothrichidae hosts: evidence for recent expansion and switch in host use? 下载免费PDF全文
Canchao Yang Tongping Su Wei Liang Anders Pape Møller 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2015,115(4):919-926
Obligate brood parasites only account for 1% of birds in the world, but utilize a great variety of avian species as hosts. Host switch theory predicts that parasites should shift from one host to another during the long‐term arms race with hosts whenever such a shift would be facilitated by similarity in ecology and distribution. However, few studies have been conducted to address this puzzle because it is extremely difficult for humans to witness such host shifts during the long‐lasting process of evolution. Here we adopted an alternative way to understand host switch behaviour of brood parasites by comparing egg colour variation, cuckoo egg mimicry and egg recognition capacity between two sympatric hosts, the Chinese babax (Babax lanceolatus) and the white‐browed laughing thrush (Garrulax sannio), which are both parasitized by the large hawk‐cuckoo (Cuculus sparverioides). The babax lays dark blue eggs whilst the laughing thrush lays white to pale blue eggs, and the large hawk‐cuckoo parasitizes them by laying eggs that optimally match laughing thrush eggs according to avian vision. The laughing thrush possesses a greater capacity of egg recognition than the babax because it rejected all non‐mimetic eggs while the babax is an intermediate rejecter. Furthermore, all the nest characteristics measured were similar in these two host species with no statistical significant differences. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the white‐browed laughing thrush is the original and main host species that has a longer coevolutionary interaction with the large hawk‐cuckoo than the Chinese babax, which is a recent host acquired through a host switch by the hawk‐cuckoo. We discuss the possible outcome of the interaction between the large hawk‐cuckoo and these two host species, and emphasize that host switch behaviour in brood parasites is more likely an adaptation to expand the range of host species rather than a change in host species favoring an increase in reproductive output. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, ●● , ●●–●●. 相似文献